Transformation post-COVID - Transformative nations, regions and cities as vectors for change

This ESIR focus paper provides a ‘deeper dive’ into the role of nations, regions and cities as vectors for systemic change in the post-pandemic economy and society. It builds on and complements ESIR’s second Policy Brief, which offers guidance on how a ‘protect-prepare-transform’ approach in the post-pandemic Europe can ensure fast learning from innovation by relying on smart and coherent policies, collaborative efforts across levels of government and decentralisation of governance, and most importantly the courage to direct research and innovation at the transformations Europe is facing.